1. Nature Biotechnology 28, 390 – 391 (2010)锛
Chinese green light for GM rice and maize prompts outcry [鍏ㄦ枃]
2. Nature News Published online 13 May 2010锛
GM crop use makes minor pests major problem
3. 鎰熻阿Sobeit锛岀浉鍏崇殑Science鐨勪袱涓姤閬擄細
Mirid Bug Outbreaks in Multiple Crops Correlated with Wide-Scale Adoption of Bt Cotton in China
Suppression of Cotton Bollworm in Multiple Crops in China in Areas with Bt Toxin鈥揅ontaining Cotton
杩樻湁涓绡囦笁鏈堜唤鐨Science鏂伴椈锛
Hardy Cotton-Munching Pests Are Latest Blow to GM Crops [鍚庨潰涓夌瘒鐨勬墦鍖呬笅杞]
]]>鍔犳嬁澶у浼﹀澶у鏁欐巿甯冮浄鐧宦疯垂闆风巼棰嗙殑鐮旂┒鍥㈤槦鍙戠幇锛屽湪DNA涓竴涓殣钘忕殑鈥滃壀鎺ュ瘑 鐮佲濆彲鐢ㄦ潵瑙ｉ噴涓轰粈涔堟湁闄愭暟鐩殑浜轰綋鍩哄洜鑳藉浜х敓鍑哄姝ゅ法澶ф暟閲忕殑閬椾紶淇℃伅銆傜浉鍏虫枃绔犲皢鍙戣〃鍦5鏈6鏃ュ嚭鐗堢殑銆婅嚜鐒躲嬶紙Nature锛 鏉傚織涓.
璇ュ彂鐜版彮寮浜嗛仐浼犲鐮旂┒涓渶涓昏鐨勫ゥ绉樹箣涓銆傜瀛﹀鍙嵁姝ゆ潵瑙ｉ噴娲荤粏鑳炲浣曚娇鐢ㄦ湁闄愭暟閲 鐨勫熀鍥犵敓鎴愬澶ц剳涓鏍烽潪甯稿鏉傜殑鍣ㄥ畼銆傜瀛﹀璁や负锛岃鍙戠幇寮ュ悎浜嗗骞存潵浜虹被瀵瑰熀鍥犵粍鐨勮璇嗗拰瀵圭粏鑳炲唴澶嶆潅鐢熶骇杩囩▼鐨勮璇嗕箣闂村瓨鍦ㄧ殑楦挎矡锛屾湁鍔╀簬棰勬祴鍜岄槻姝 鐧岀棁鍙婄缁忛琛屾х柧鐥呯殑浜х敓銆
]]>An RNA polymerase II- and AGO4-associated protein acts in RNA-directed DNA methylation. [鍏ㄦ枃]
鏈卞仴搴凤紝涓涓猂NA鑱氬悎閰禝I鍜孉GO4鐩稿叧鐨勮泲鐧芥寚瀵糝NA浠嬪鐨凞NA鐢插熀鍖栥
浠ヤ笅鏄瀛︾綉鐨勪腑鏂囨姤閬擄細銆婅嚜鐒躲嬶細涓绉戝瀹跺彂鐜颁笌鍩哄洜鈥滄矇榛樷濇湁鍏崇壒娈婂熀鍥
濂ュ湴鍒╂牸闆锋垐灏斅烽棬寰峰皵妞嶇墿鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛︾爺绌舵墍鏃ュ墠瀹ｅ竷锛屼竴涓寘鎷鐮旂┒鎵銆佷腑鍥藉悓娴庡ぇ瀛︺佺編鍥藉姞鍒╃灏间簹澶у绛夋満鏋勭瀛﹀鍦ㄥ唴鐨勫浗闄呯鐮斿皬缁勫彂鐜颁簡涓绉嶇壒娈婂熀鍥狅紝娌℃湁瀹冿紝妞嶇墿缁嗚優鍐呭叾浠栦竴浜涘熀鍥犲氨鍙兘淇濇寔娌夐粯銆
鏈鏂颁竴鏈熻嫳鍥姐婅嚜鐒躲嬫潅蹇楃綉缁滅増鍙戣〃浜嗚繖涓浗闄呯鐮斿皬缁勭殑璁烘枃銆傝繖涓绉戠爺灏忕粍鍙戠幇鐨勭壒娈婂熀鍥犲悕涓篟DM1锛屽畠鍙互缂栫爜鐢熸垚涓绉嶅皬铔嬬櫧锛屼粠鑰屽弬涓庢寚瀵煎叾浠栧熀鍥犵殑琛ㄨ揪銆
绉戝瀹舵寚鍑猴紝鍩哄洜涓鑸浜庤淇濇姢鐘舵佷腑锛屽彧鏈夐氳繃鎵璋撶殑鐢插熀鍖栵紝鍗充笌鐢插熀鎺ヨЕ锛屾墠鑳借〃杈惧苟鍙戞尌浣滅敤銆傚鏋滃幓闄DM1锛岃淇濇姢鐨勫熀鍥犲氨鏃犳硶鐢插熀鍖栵紝涔熷氨鏃犳硶杩涜琛ㄨ揪銆
鐢变簬姣忎竴涓鐗╃粏鑳炰腑閮藉瓨鍦ㄧ潃瀹屾暣鐨勯仐浼犱俊鎭紝鍥犳蹇呴』璁╂煇浜涘熀鍥犱繚鎸佲滄矇榛樷濓紝妞嶇墿鍏蜂綋鐨勫櫒瀹樻墠鑳介『鍒╁湴鍙戞尌鍚勮嚜浣滅敤銆傚惁鍒欙紝鎵鏈夊熀鍥犲氨浼氶兘鏉ヨ〃杈撅紝妞嶇墿鍣ㄥ畼涔熷皢涓嶇煡閬撳惉浠庤皝鐨勨滄寚浠も濄備竴鑸湪涓涓鐗╃殑涓婁竾涓熀鍥犻噷锛屽彧鏈夊緢灏戠殑涓閮ㄥ垎鑳藉琛ㄨ揪锛孯NA锛堟牳绯栨牳閰革級浼氬闇瑕佽〃杈剧殑鍩哄洜杩涜鏍囪銆俁DM1鍩哄洜鐨勪换鍔″氨鏄RNA鏍囪杩囩殑鍩哄洜琛ㄨ揪銆傜己灏戜簡RDM1锛屾鐗╀腑璁稿鏈琛ㄨ揪鐨勫熀鍥犲氨浼氫繚鎸佲滄矇榛樷濓紝妞嶇墿鏃犳硶姝ｅ父鐢熼暱銆
]]>Haploid plants produced by centromere-mediated genome elimination 鍏ㄦ枃涓嬭浇
閭ｅぉ鍜屽笀濡硅璁轰絾鍗曞嶄綋鐨勭函鍜屼紭鍔匡紝姘寸ɑ鍗曞嶄綋鍩瑰吇涓昏閫氳繃鑺辩矇缁勫煿锛屼絾骞朵笉鏄墍鏈夋鐗╅兘鑳解滄帴鍙椻濊繖绉嶆柟寮忋侼ATURE鐨勮繖绡囨枃绔犳彁渚涗簡涓涓柊鎬濊矾.cool 锝灺 
鍗曞嶄綋妞嶇墿锛堜粎浠庝竴涓翰浠ｉ仐浼犳煋鑹蹭綋锛夊湪閬椾紶鐮旂┒涓湁閲嶈浼樺娍锛屽湪妞嶇墿鑲茬涓篃鏋佷负閲嶈鈥斺斿畠浠鐢ㄦ潵鐢熸垚绾悎瀛愪簩鍊嶄綋锛屼粠鑰岄伩鍏嶅緢澶氫唬鐨勮繎浜茬箒娈栥傚崟鍊嶄綋鐨勫煿鑲茬洰鍓嶄富瑕2绉嶆柟寮忥細閰嶅瓙浣撳煿鍏绘垨鑰呬粠灏戦噺绉嶉棿鏉備氦鍙互璇卞鍑烘潵锛屼絾鎬绘湁灞闄愯寖鍥淬侻aruthachalam Ravi 鍜 Simon Chan寮鍙戝嚭涓绉嶉氳繃绉嶅瓙鏉ョ敓鎴愬崟鍊嶄綋鎷熷崡鑺ョ殑绠鍗曟柟娉曪紝璇ユ柟娉曞彲浠ュ緢瀹规槗琚帹骞垮埌鍐滀綔鐗┿
浠ュ墠锛屽崟鍊嶄綋鐨勭敓鎴愭秹鍙婅繙浜ょ鐨勭粍缁囧煿鍏绘垨鍩哄洜缁勫墧闄わ紝鑰屼笖寰堝鐗╃鐢ㄨ繖浜涙柟娉曟槸涓嶅彲鑳藉煿鑲插嚭鍗曞嶄綋鐨勩傛柊鏂规硶娑夊強瀵逛竴绉嶈泲鐧斤紙鍗斥滅潃涓濈偣鐗瑰紓鎬х粍铔嬬櫧鈥濓紝CENH3锛夌敤鍩哄洜宸ョ▼鏂规硶杩涜澶勭悊锛岀敓鎴愬湪涓庨噹鐢熷瀷鏉備氦鍚庡叾鍩哄洜缁勮浠庡悎瀛愪腑闄ゆ帀鐨勫搧绯汇
杩欐牱浜х敓鐨勫崟鍊嶄綋妞嶇墿鍙湁鏉ヨ嚜閲庣敓鍨嬩翰浠ｇ殑鏌撹壊浣撱侰ENH3鍦ㄧ湡鏍哥粏鑳炵潃涓濈偣涓婅捣鏅亶浣滅敤锛屾墍浠ュ師鍒欎笂杩欑鏂规硶鍙互鎺ㄥ箍鍒版墍鏈夋鐗┿
锘縋roduction of haploid plants that inherit chromosomes from only 聽one parent can greatly accelerate plant breeding. Haploids 聽generated from a heterozygous individual and converted to diploid create instant homozygous lines, bypassing generations of inbreeding. Two methods are generally used to produce haploids. First, 聽cultured gametophyte cells may be regenerated into haploid plants , 聽but many species and genotypes are recalcitrant to this process. 聽Second, haploids can be induced from rare interspecific crosses, in 聽which one parental genome is eliminated after fertilization.The 聽molecular basis for genome elimination is not understood, but one theory posits that centromeres from the two parent species interact 聽unequally with the mitotic spindle, causing selective chromosome 聽loss. Here we show that haploid Arabidopsis thaliana plants can 聽be easily generated through seeds by manipulating a single centromere protein, the centromere-specific histone CENH3 (called 聽CENP-A in human). When cenh3 null mutants expressing altered 聽CENH3 proteins are crossed to wild type, chromosomes from the 聽mutant are eliminated, producing haploid progeny. Haploids are 聽spontaneously converted into fertile diploids through meiotic nonreduction, allowing their genotype to be perpetuated. Maternal and 聽paternal haploids can be generated through reciprocal crosses. We 聽have also exploited centromere-mediated genome elimination to 聽convert a natural tetraploid Arabidopsis into a diploid, reducing 聽its ploidy to simplify breeding. As CENH3 is universal in eukaryotes, 聽our method may be extended to produce haploids in any plant 聽species.
Food security requires genetic advances to increase farm yields
涓嬮潰涓夌瘒鏄叧浜杩欑瘒涓滆タ鐨勮瘎杩般
PhD: time and effort invested foster scientific maturity
]]>
Is enthusiasm withering for funding studies into Arabidopsis thaliana?
鏂囦腑璇村埌寰堝鍥藉鐨勫熀閲戝凡缁忓紑濮嬮檺鍒跺鎷熷崡鑺ョ爺绌惰祫閲戞姇鍏ワ紝寮濮嬭浆鍚戠湡姝ｇ殑浣滅墿鐮旂┒锛屽叿浣撶湅鏂囩珷銆傘傘
]]>Control of Arabidopsis apical鈥揵asal embryo polarity by antagonistic transcription factors
鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾缁嗚優閮芥湁鏋佹э紝鑳氭洿鏈塧pical鈥揵asal axis锛屽皢鏉ヤ細鍒嗗寲鍑簊hoot/root椤剁鍒嗙敓缁勭粐锛岀洰鍓嶇煡閬撹繖绉嶆瀬鎬ф槸鐢盤LETHORA (PLT) genes鎵鎺у埗锛岃繖绡囨枃绔鎵惧埌浜哖LT1 and PLT2鎵鐩存帴璋冩帶鐨勮浆褰曞叡鎶戝埗瀛怲OPLESS(TPL)锛屽苟涓斿埄鐢═PL浣滀负閬椾紶鏉愭枡锛岃繕鎵惧埌浜咹D-ZIP III瀹舵棌鍩哄洜涔熻捣鐫閲嶈璋冩帶浣滅敤锛屼粬浠冻鍙互浣縭oot pole into a second shoot pole锛岃繖绡囨枃绔犺鏄庝簡PLT and HD-ZIP III浣滀负鎷姉浣滅敤锛岃皟鑺傜潃root and shoot poles鐨勫垎鍖栥傝繖绡囨枃绔爁aculty1000缁欎簡9鍒嗭紝寰堥珮鐨勮瘎浠凤紝鎴戝氨鐪嬩簡鎽樿锛屽啓鐨勬垜鑷繁閮界湅涓嶄笅鍘讳簡銆
Plants, similarly to animals, form polarized axes during embryogenesis on which cell differentiation and organ patterning programs聽 are聽 orchestrated.聽 During聽 Arabidopsis聽 embryogenesis, establishment of the shoot and root stem cell populations occurs at opposite ends of an apical鈥揵asal axis. Recent work has identified the PLETHORA (PLT) genes as master regulators of basal/root fate1鈥3, whereas the master regulators of apical/shoot fate have remained elusive. Here we show that the PLT1 and PLT2 genes are direct targets of the transcriptional corepressor TOPLESS (TPL) and that PLT1/2 are necessary for the homeotic conversion of shoots to roots in tpl-1 mutants. Using tpl-1 as a genetic tool, we identify the CLASS III HOMEODOMAIN-LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD-ZIP III) transcription factors as master regulators of embryonic
apical fate, and show they are sufficient to drive the conversion of the embryonic root pole into a second shoot pole. Furthermore, genetic and misexpression studies show an antagonistic relationship between the PLT and HD-ZIP III genes in specifying the root and shoot poles.
Cold-induced silencing by long antisense transcripts of an Arabidopsis Polycomb target 
FLC鏄帶鍒跺紑鑺辩殑閲嶈鍩哄洜锛屾鐗╀綋鍐呭瓨鍦ㄥぇ閲忕殑non-coding RNA锛岃繖浜沶cRNA鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ苟涓嶆竻妤氾紝鍦ㄦ涔嬪墠宸茬粡鍙戠幇浜咶LC鐨刟ntisense杞綍鏈紝骞朵笖鐭ラ亾鍦ㄦ寔缁殑鍐峰鐞嗘椂锛屾鐗╃殑FLC鍩哄洜浼氳Polycomb 瀹舵棌铔嬬櫧 PHD鈥揚RC2 complex鎵鎶戝埗锛岃繖灏辨槸鏄ュ寲浣滅敤銆傚湪杩欑瘒鏂囩珷閲岋紝浣滆呭彂鐜板湪鎸佺画鍐峰鐞嗘儏鍐典笅锛孎LC鍩哄洜浼氫骇鐢熷ぇ閲忕殑antisense闀胯浆褰曟湰锛岃屾涔夎浆褰曟湰涓嬮檷锛屽苟涓旇繖涓庢槬鍖栦綔鐢ㄧ殑涓浜沵arker鍩哄洜鏃犲叧銆傜敤FLC鍩哄洜鐨刟ntisense杞綍鏈殑鍚姩瀛愬姞鍦ㄤ竴涓35S-GFP鐨勪笅娓革紝鍙戠幇鍦ㄥ喎澶勭悊涓婫FP涔熶細琚姂鍒躲備綔鑰呯殑缁撴灉璇存槑浜嗗湪鍐疯瀵间笅锛孎LC鍩哄洜浜х敓澶ч噺鐨勫弽涔夎浆褰曟湰锛岃繖涓杩囩▼鍦‵LC鐨勬矇榛樻棭鏈熻捣鍒伴噸瑕佷綔鐢紝杩涜屾嫑鍕烶olycomb鏈哄埗銆傚苟涓旇繖绉嶆満鍒朵篃璁告槸涓绉嶆櫘閬嶆満鍒讹紝鍦ㄧ壒娈婃椂鏈熸垨鏉′欢涓嬶紝閫氳繃鍙嶄箟鐨勮浆褰曟湰鏉ヨ皟鑺傛涔夎浆褰曟湰鐨勮〃杈俱
Transcription in eukaryotic genomes generates an extensive array of non-protein-coding RNA, the functional significance of which is mostly unknown1. We are investigating the link between non-coding RNA and chromatin regulation through analysis of FLC 鈥斺塧 regulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis and a target of several chromatin pathways. Here we use an unbiased strategy to characterize non-coding transcripts of FLC and show that sense/antisense transcript levels correlate in a range of mutants and treatments, but change independently in cold-treated plants. Prolonged cold epigenetically silences FLC in a Polycomb-mediated process called vernalization2. Our data indicate that upregulation of long non-coding antisense transcripts covering the entire FLC locus may be part of the cold-sensing mechanism. Induction of these antisense transcripts occurs earlier than, and is independent of, other vernalization markers3 and coincides with a reduction in sense transcription. We show that addition of the FLC antisense promoter sequences to a reporter gene is sufficient to confer cold-induced silencing of the reporter. Our data indicate that cold-induced FLC antisense transcripts have an early role in the epigenetic silencing of FLC, acting to silence FLC transcription transiently. Recruitment of the Polycomb machinery then confers the epigenetic memory. Antisense transcription events originating from 3鈥 ends of genes might be a general mechanism to regulate the corresponding sense transcription in a condition/stage-dependent manner.
]]>The genome of the cucumber, Cucumis sativus L.
Science鐜夌背鍩哄洜缁鍑烘潵鍚庯紝Nature涔熶笉鐢樿惤鍚庛18涓悎浣滃崟浣9涓槸China銆傚叧浜庨噸瑕佹ц姝ｆ枃Abstract銆
Cucumber is an economically important crop as well as a model system for sex determination studies and plant vascular biology. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Cucumis sativus var. sativus L., assembled using a novel combination of traditional Sanger and next-generation Illumina GA sequencing technologies to obtain 72.2-fold genome coverage. The absence of recent whole-genome duplication, along with the presence of few tandem duplications, explains the small number of genes in the cucumber. Our study establishes that five of the cucumber’s seven chromosomes arose from fusions of ten ancestral chromosomes after divergence from Cucumis melo. The sequenced cucumber genome affords insight into traits such as its sex expression, disease resistance, biosynthesis of cucurbitacin and ‘fresh green’ odor. We also identify 686 gene clusters related to phloem function. The cucumber genome provides a valuable resource for developing elite cultivars and for studying the evolution and function of the plant vascular system.